Disruption of spermatogenesis in boars sub-clinically infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Data from 14 crossbred (Landreace x Large white) boars aged 10-12 months were used to investigate specific germ cells and to what extent Sertoli cells are prone to sub-clinical infection with strain Y58/98 Trypanosome brucei brucei and effects on spermatogenesis. Boars were divided into three groups, A, B and C of 5, 5 and 4 animals, respectively. Groups A and B were infected intraperitoneally with 2.8x10(6) trypanosomes per animal. Group C consisted of intact controls. At stable sub-clinical trypanosomiasis, boars in groups A and B together with two from the controls were weighed, scrotal circumferences were measured and animals were castrated on days 56 and 84 post infection, respectively. Testes were weighed. A portion of a testis was processed for histomorphometric assessment and another portion was used to determine gonadal sperm reserves by haemocytometry. Crude cells were converted to true cells.Sub-clinical trypanosomiasis was characterised by low live and testes weights, reduced scrotal circumference, scanty parasitemia peaks at long intervals and decreased libido. Histomorphometry of animals infected with T. brucei brucei revealed somniferous tubular distortion, denudation and or degeneration of germ cells and Sertoli cells leading to distortion of spermatogenesis. Spermatids and young primary spermatocytes were most prone to, while Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were least affected by sub-clinical trypanosomiasis. There was evidence of regeneration of germ cells from precursor stem cells, resulting in slightly increased gonodal sperm reserves as the post infection period increased. Infected boars may not attain original fertility levels consequently. It was concluded that boars in tropical regions that harbour endemic disease should be maintained under prophylactic conditions.